Abstract: To meet the requirements for scientific exploitation and safe mining of deep coal resources, and ecological and environmental conservations of mining areas, an overall approach engaging an integrated green mining technology covering mining, separating and backfilling etc. is proposed. The ‘Mining, Separating, Backfilling + X’ green mining technology, where ‘X’ stands for extensions and expansions of the former three elements, are developed to address the engineering challenges over safe and efficient coal mining, ground water conservation, and surface subsidence control etc. Key technical aspects of the technology are introduced, which include layouts of the system, ground control for workings with large sections, underground precise separating of unclassified run-of-mine coal, efficient and intelligent backfill mining, and quality monitoring over mining, separating, backfilling + X operations etc. Lastly, the performances of its field practices in Xin-Ju-Long and Ping-Ding-Shan No.12 coal mines are analyzed.