In view of a large number of occupational safety accidents in the construction stage of China's construction industry, this paper studies the key risk factors and their influence on construction saafety in the process of construction projects by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). And through the empirical analysis of a real estate project in Shaanxi Province, the feasibility and effectiveness of the AHP in the analysis and evaluation of construction safety management are verified. The results show that: (1) the risk factors affecting the construction safety management safety mainly include human, material (building materials, mechanical equipment, etc.), technology, management and environmental factors. (2) Among all risk categories, “human factors” have the highest impact on unsafe behavior of construction, followed by “engineering environment”, “construction material factors” and “mechanical equipment”. (3) At the level of impact indicators, the important index factors that affect the occurrence of accidents are “safety culture quality and safety technology level of decision makers layer”, “the natural environment of construction site”, “quality acceptance of material entry”, and “safety control of mechanical equipment”. Finally, based on the research results, targeted suggestions for can be put forward to provide decision-making reference for accident prevention and safety inspection in the construction production process.